For many international students in the U.S., Optional Practical Training (OPT) is one of the most exciting opportunities after completing a degree. It allows you to gain hands-on work experience in your field of study, making you more competitive in the job market both in the U.S. and globally. However, the OPT application process can be overwhelming, especially when it comes to deadlines, eligibility rules, and the possibility of extensions. In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about how to apply, the duration of OPT, and how to extend it if you qualify.

What Is OPT for F-1 Students?

Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a temporary employment authorization available to international students holding F-1 visas. It lets students work in the U.S. for up to 12 months in a role directly related to their academic major. OPT can be done during your studies (pre-completion OPT) or after graduation (post-completion OPT).

How to Apply for OPT

Applying for OPT requires careful planning, as U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) enforces strict deadlines. Here are the key steps:

• Get a DSO Recommendation: Speak with your school’s Designated School Official (DSO), who will update your SEVIS record and recommend OPT on your I-20 form.
• File Form I-765: Submit your application for Employment Authorization Document (EAD) using Form I-765. You can file online or by mail.
• Timing Matters: You may apply as early as 90 days before your graduation and no later than 60 days after. Filing early is crucial because USCIS processing can take 2-4 months.
• Wait for Approval: You cannot start working until you receive your EAD card.

OPT Duration Explained

The standard OPT duration is 12 months of work authorization. You can use it in one stretch after graduation or split it if you also use pre-completion OPT during your studies. However, once you’ve used the full 12 months, that’s it—unless you qualify for an extension.

OPT Extension: STEM OPT for Eligible Students

One of the most common questions international students ask is: Can I extend my OPT? The answer is yes, if you qualify for the STEM OPT extension.

• STEM OPT Extension: If you completed a degree in a STEM field (Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics), you may apply for a 24-month extension beyond your initial 12 months.
• Employer Requirement: Your employer must be enrolled in E-Verify, the federal employment verification system.
• Application Timeline: You should apply for the extension before your initial OPT expires to avoid gaps in work authorization.

Common Challenges Students Face with OPT

• Delayed Applications: Filing late can reduce your chances of approval.
• Unemployment Limit: Students on post-completion OPT cannot be unemployed for more than 90 days during their authorization period.
• Changing Status: Some students struggle with deciding whether to continue on OPT, extend through STEM OPT, or move toward an H-1B or green card process.

Why Legal Guidance Matters

Although OPT might look simple at first, mistakes during the application process can delay your approval or even jeopardize your work eligibility. At LegalReliance.net, our experienced immigration team helps international students file correctly, meet deadlines, and explore long-term options like H-1B sponsorship or green cards after OPT.

Final Thoughts

OPT is more than just a work permit—it’s a stepping stone to building your career in the United States. Understanding how to apply, how long it lasts, and how to extend it can make all the difference in your future. If you want peace of mind during the OPT process, seeking professional guidance is a smart choice.

Ready to secure your OPT status and plan your future? Contact LegalReliance.net today for personalized immigration support.